Alaska Sea Grant

Teacher Resources

Teacher Resources

Books
Burns, Loree Griffin. Tracking trash; Flotsam, jetsam, and the science of ocean motion. Houghton Mifflin, 2007.

Teachers Guides
Barber, J., Buegler, M., Lowell, L., and Willard, C. Discovering Density. Lawrence Hall of Science, 2001.
Halversen, Catherine. Ocean Currents. Lawrence Hall of Science, 2001.
Halversen, Catherine. Only One Ocean. Lawrence Hall of Science, 2003.

Online Resources
Investigation 1: Where Did the Rubber Bath Toys Go?
Story about the Rubber Duckies 

Investigation 2: Weather and Circulation Systems
Socratic Seminars
Socratic Seminar Overview
Socratic seminars: engaging students in intellectual discourse
Currents Tutorial from NOAA
Surface Ocean Currents
Ocean Odyssey – Density Current video from NASASciFiles
Covers density, salinity, currents
Ocean Odyssey – Surface Currents video from NASASciFiles
Global current image
Global isobaric patterns for July and Sept.
Ocean Circulation article
Global ocean current circulation animation:
Global wind speed Jan and July plus an animation
NOAA National Data Buoy Center 
Ocean Currents and The Distribution of Life
Wind Driven Surface Currents, Gyres Background:
Coriolis Effect lesson plan

Investigation 3: Waves and Tides
Story about a cruise ship stuck at low tide  
Description of the hazards on the Turnagain mudflats
Story of a fisherman in Anchorage getting trapped at low tide
NOAA Ocean Service Education
Tides and Water Levels lesson plans
If students need more learning activities centered around tides to better understand the concepts, NOAA has lesson plans: Tides: Ups and Downs
Tides and Moon with time-lapse and marigrams
Kachemak Bay tidal cycle: the movie (time-lapse of Kachemak Bay extreme tidal cycle)
Ocean Odyssey – Tides and Waves video from NASASciFiles
Ocean Tides at the Bay of Fundy video
From: Britannica Online
Waves Includes information and interactive wave section

Investigation 4: Temperature and Salinity Effects on Deep Ocean Currents

On-line sources for Tornado Tubes
Tornadotube.net
Edmund Scientifics
eBay 

Investigation 5: Seafloor Topography
Sea Bottom Features – draining the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Investigation 6: Debris Detectives Field Trip

Investigation 7: Global Conveyor Belt
Global conveyor belt audio radio show
Oceanic Conveyor Belt background
Turning the Tides video

Hypothetical Landmass resources:
Pangaea Supercontinent
Pangaea: Wikipedia

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill resources
Hiebauer, H.J., T.C. Royer and T.J> Weingartner: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 99, NO. C7, PAGES 14,113–14,126, 1994. 
Map showing Bligh Reef and the spill location
NOAA Fisheries Office of Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS) Damage Assessment and Restoration
Map of where the oil went
The behavior of the oil
Radio show about currents in Prince William Sound

Hypothetical Spill resources
Oil and Chemical Spills
Beach: Nike Shoes Wash Up
LEGOs and Other Floating Flotsam
Flip Flotsam video
Drifter Buoys

Garbage Patch in the Pacific resources
Clean Our Oceans: The Impact of the Great Garbage Patch (additional links on this website)
Trashed: Across the Pacific Ocean, Plastics, Plastics, Everywhere
Why is the world’s biggest landfill in the Pacific Ocean?
Surface Ocean Currents
Wind Driven Surface Currents: Gyres Background
Plastics and Marine Debris video 6 min.
Turning the Tides video
The Garbage Patch video
Gorilla in the Greenhouse: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

Student Handouts

Items for Group Display

Material Items

Facility/Equipment Requirements

Investigation 1: Where Did the Rubber Bath Toys Go?

Science notebooks 

Science from Bath Toys

World Map PDF

 

  none

Atlas, Internet, or larger scale maps for finding place names

Colored pencils or pens to mark the map, or small “stickies” (dots or stars)

none

Investigation 2: Weather and Circulation Patterns

Science notebooks

Wind data table PDF

Blank data tablePDF

 

 

Map (for shipping routes) PDF

 

Images: buoyWeather systems, Average winds, Average pressure systems, North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Global wind-driven surface currents

Student maps from Investigation 1

Plastic tub

Water

Straws

Ping-pong ball or other light, floating object

Partially full water bottle or full can of soda

Scissors

Glue

Internet access for student pairs or groups is desirable but not mandatory 

Investigation 3: Waves and Tides

Science notebooks

Student Lab directions (3A) PDF

Marigram Information and Example (3C) (or make overhead transparencies) PDF

Blank Graph (or substitute graph paper) (3C) PDF

Student worksheet (3C) PDF

Tides and Moon (3C) PDF

Tide Diagrams (3C)

Four New Marigrams (3C) PDF


 

Wave Diagram (3A)

World map or globe

Lab materials, per group:

Glass jar (1 pint to 1 quart size) with tight-fitting lid

Mineral oil

Rubbing alcohol

Water

Blue food coloring

Glue

Plastic tub, 5 gal aquarium,

baking dish

Corks

Thumbtacks

Fishing line

Metal washers

Ruler

Ground pepper

Tide books or tide data from Internet 

Computer connected to Internet, with projector.

Investigation 4: Temperature and Salinity

Science notebooks


Density Lab instructions PDF

Salinity and Temperature station instructions PDF

Temperature Current lab instructions PDF

Maps from Investigation 1

Fruit juice cocktail
Actual or virtual model of Marsili’s demonstration
3 or 4 plastic water bottles filled with cotton balls, water, sand, etc.

4A:
Cranberry juice, orange juice, club soda
Sugar, salt
Per group:
Graduated cylinder
Large beaker
Spoon or stirrer
Balance
Calculator
4B: Per group:
Two clear plastic water bottles
One bottle lid
Tornado tube (or duct tape)
Plastic disk
Dish towel and tray
Water
¼ cup of salt
Food coloring
Sheet of white paper
Hot tap water (100-110 degrees F)
Ice cold (refrigerated) water
4C: Per group:
Blue food color
Red food color
Very hot water
Ice water
Insulated containers for hot and cold water
Room temperature water
2 paper or styrofoam cups
2 push pins
Marbles or rocks
Spoon
Ruler
Small clear plastic tub or other container, at least as tall as the cups
Tray
Sheet of white paper

Computer with Internet access and projector.

 Investigation 5: Seafloor Topography

Science notebooks

Ocean Features PDF

 

Video Clip

Map of ocean floor topography (can be Internet projection)

Ample amounts of modeling clay or other “barrier” like material (might be able to use cleaned rocks and build the clay around the rocks. In this case the rocks work as volume fillers, and therefore less clay would be used in the barrier construction; also, they wouldn’t float while immersed in water)

A dishpan or a 25 quart/24 liter low-profile plastic storage container

One-liter plastic bottles with a straw component to gently squeeze the water underneath the surface water just above the bottom of the seafloor model

Water

Salt

Measuring tools

Water soluble food coloring

Pencil and erasers

11 x 8.5 or 11 x 17 inch white paper

Computer connected to the Internet and a projector.

 Investigation 6: Debris Detectives Field Trip

Science notebooks

 

Rubber gloves

Trash bags

Cameras

Pencils

Clipboards (optional)

Appropriate location for activity

Chalkboard, overhead projector or LCD projector to record/show student data

 Investigation 7: Global Conveyor Belt

Science notebooks

Project Rubric PDF

Global conveyor belt graphic

Global conveyor belt animation

Ocean Currents (video)

General circulation pattern

 

Resources for student projects

Books and other materials

Poster supplies

Classroom computer with Internet access and projector

Student access to Internet for research

Ocean in Motion addresses the following GLEs for grades 6, 7 and 8:

Grade Level Expectations for Grade 6

Investigation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

The student demonstrates an understanding  of the processes of science by:
[6] SA1.1 asking questions, predicting, observing, describing, measuring, classifying, making generalizations, inferring and communicating.

x x x x x x  x

The student develops an understanding of the processes of science by:
[6] SA1.2 observing and describing their world to answer simple questions.

      x x x  

The student demonstrates an understanding that interactions with the environment provide an opportunity for understanding scientific concepts by:
[6] SA3.1 observing local conditions that determine which plants and/or animals survive. (L)

          x  

The student demonstrates an understanding that solving problems involves different ways of thinking by
[6] SE2.1 identifying and designing a solution to a problem.

        x    

The student demonstrates an understanding that solving problems involves different ways of thinking by:
[6] SE2.2 comparing the student’s work to the work of peers in order to identify multiple paths that can be used to investigate a question or problem. (L)

x       x x  

The student demonstrates an understanding of the bases of the advancement of scientific knowledge by
[6] SG2.1 recognizing differences in results of repeated experiments.

      x      

 

Grade Level Expectations for Grade 7

Investigation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

The student develops an understanding of the processes of science by:
[7] SA1.1 asking questions, predicting, observing, describing, measuring, classifying, making generalizations, inferring, and communicating.*

x x x x
x x  x

The student demonstrates an understanding of the processes of science by:
[7] SA1.2 observing, measuring, and collecting data from explorations and using this information to classify, predict, and communicate. add new

      x x x  

The student demonstrates an understanding of the attitudes and approaches to scientific inquiry by
[7] SA2.1 identifying and evaluating the sources used to support scienitifc statements aa new

             x

The student demonstrates an understanding that interactions with the envrionment provide an opportunity for understanding scientific concepts by
[7] SA3.1 designing and conducting a simple investigation about the local environment. (L)

           

The student demonstrates understanding of the structure and properties of matter by
[7] SB1.1 using physical properties (i.e., density, boiling point, freezing point, conductivity) to differentiate among and/or separate materials (i.e., elements, compounds, and mixtures)

      x x    

The student demonstrates an understanding of motions, forces, their characteristics, relationships, and effects by
[7] SB4.3 describing the characteristics of a wave (i.e., amplitude, wavelength, and frequency).

    x        

The student demonstrates an understanding of cycles influenced by energy from the sun and by the earth's position and motion in our solar system by
[7]SD3.1 describing the weather using accepted meteorological terms (e.g., pressure systems, fonts, precipitation).

  x          

The student demonstrates an understanding that solving problems involves different ways of thinking, perspectives, and curiosity by:
[7] SE2.1 identifying the function of a variety of tools (e.g., spear, hammer, hand lens, kayak, computer)

           x  

The student demonstrates an understanding that solving problems involves different ways of thinking, perspectives, and curiosity by: 
[7] SE2.2 identifying multiple explanations (e.g., oral traditions, folklore, scientific theory) of everyday events (e.g., weather, seasonal changes). (L)*

x x  

  

x  x  

The student demonstrates an understanding of the bases of the advancement of scientific knowledge by:
[7] SG2.1 recognizing the need for repeated measurements.

      x      

 

Grade Level Expectations for Grade 8

Investigation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

The student demonstrates an understanding  of the processes of science by:
[8] SA1.1 asking questions, predicting, observing, describing, measuring, classifying, making generalizations, inferring, and communicating.

x x x x x x  x

The student demonstrates an understanding of the processes of science by:
[8] SA1.2 using quantitative and qualitative observations to create their own inferences and predictions.

      x x x  

The student demonstrates an understanding of the structure and properties of matter by
[8]SB1.1 using physical and chemical properties (i.e., density, boiling point, freezing point, conductivity, flammability) to differentiate among materials (i.e., elements, compounds, and mixtures).

        x    

The student demonstrates an understanding that solving problems involves different ways of thinking, perspectives, and curiosity by:
[8] SE2.1 investigating a problem or project over a specified period of time and identifying the tools and processes used in that project. (L)*

        x x  

The student demonstrates an understanding that solving problems involves different ways of thinking, perspectives, and curiosity by:
[8] SE2.2 comparing multiple explanations (e.g., oral traditions, folklore, scientific theory) of everyday events (e.g., weather, seasonal changes). (L)

  x     x x  

(L) Some GLEs have been identified as Local. They are for local assessments and will not be on a state assessment.

* PSGLEs repeated with no changes across grade levels are marked with asterisks.

 

Investigation 1: Where Did the Rubber Bath Toys Go?
A great book to use for this entire unit is Tracking Trash: Flotsam, Jetsam, and the Science of Ocean Motion by Loree Burns. Chapters 1 and 3 are a perfect fit with Investigation One. Chapter 3 is about the rubber bath toy spill and Chapter 1 is about the Nike shoe spill.

Story about the Rubber Duckies

Investigation 2: Weather and Circulation Systems
Chapter 2 of Tracking Trash works well with this investigation. Its title is “The Science of Ocean Motion.”

If you are unfamiliar with using the Socratic Seminar method for group discussion, take a look at these sites:
How to prepare for a Socratic seminar
Socratic Seminar Strategy Guide
Socratic seminar guidelines for students

Ocean Current Information
A good basic approach to determining currents is to estimate the contribution of each of the forcing mechanisms. For nearshore currents tides generally dominate, whereas on the open shelf winds dominate, tides are involved, and density plays a small role. For long-term drift applications, winds and density are more significant than tides.

Weather and wind influence currents only where weather is occurring (this may seem intuitive), whether it is a large weather system encompassing a thousand miles of ocean or just a local sea breeze in a small inlet. The influence of wind on currents gets more complex when wind-generated waves and swells travel far from their source area and affect other regions of the ocean. In this way it can be seen how the effect of wind and weather on ocean currents ranges from small-scale geographic regions to larger ones, just as it ranges from short time scales (hours) to large time scales (seasons) in duration.

While tide effects are not significant in influencing currents in large open swaths of water like ocean basins, tides are very influential on currents close to land, especially in areas where the topography exaggerates tidal effects. Turnagain Arm south of Anchorage, Kachemak Bay near Homer, Whittier’s Passage Canal, Seward’s Resurrection Bay, and Cook Inlet all experience significant tidal impacts. Tidal cycles are roughly 12 hours long with about 6 hours between a high and low tide.

The direction of tides doesn't always dictate the direction of the current. A good investigation for this section is to have students pit tidal influence against an opposing wind; the students' arguments on which one has more influence will help clarify their understanding of the conceptual underpinnings of currents.

The influence of water density on currents, driven by both thermal and salinity gradients, is less in shallow water near land masses, and more significant at increased depths. In fact, density gradients are the main driver in the exchange of surface and deep water.

Currents Tutorial from NOAA
Surface Ocean Currents
Ocean Odyssey – Density Current video from NASASciFiles
Covers density, salinity, currents
Ocean Odyssey – Surface Currents video from NASASciFiles
Global current image
Global isobaric patterns for July and Sept.
Ocean Circulation article
Global ocean current circulation animation:
Global wind speed Jan and July plus an animation
NOAA National Data Buoy Center 
Ocean Currents and The Distribution of Life
Ocean in Motion: Ekman Transport background
Wind Driven Surface Currents, Gyres Background:
Coriolis effect. Examine the Coriolis effect, which is responsible for the “spin” of a weather system. A lesson plan for a hands-on activity.

Investigation 3: Waves and Tides
Engagement. If you and your students don’t have much experience with tides, it is not hard to find stories about tides in Alaska on the Internet. 
Examples:
Story about a cruise ship stuck at low tide  
Description of the hazards on the Turnagain mudflats
Story of a fisherman in Anchorage getting trapped at low tide
NOAA Ocean Service Education
Tides and Water Levels lesson plans

If students need more learning activities centered around tides to better understand the concepts, NOAA has lesson plans: Tides: Ups and Downs
Tides and Moon with time-lapse and marigrams
Kachemak Bay tidal cycle: the movie (time-lapse of Kachemak Bay extreme tidal cycle)
Ocean Odyssey – Tides and Waves video from NASASciFiles
Ocean Tides at the Bay of Fundy video
From: Britannica Online
Waves Includes information and interactive wave section

Investigation 4: Temperature and Salinity Effects on Deep Ocean Currents
Density background: Density is defined as mass per unit volume, or grams per cubic centimeter in the metric system. In fluid systems, one fluid floats on top of another if it has a density that is less than the other. The downward gravitational force of the upper layer is less than the upward buoyant force of the underlying fluid. Density differences can be caused by temperature, compositional, or pressure differences. In this experiment, the differences are based primarily on composition of the fluid. Even though all layers are fluids, they do not mix rapidly if handled gently, and will stay separate for a class period or more. Masses of subtly distinctive (having different temperatures or salinities) ocean water can persist for months and over distances of hundreds of kilometers. Given these properties, scientists can identify and track water masses, and learn about the speed and path of various water masses around the world.

Online sources for Tornado Tubes
Tornadotube.net
Edmund Scientifics
eBay

Investigation 5: Seafloor Topography
Sea Bottom Features draining the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Investigation 6: Debris Detectives Field Trip
Chapter 5 of Tracking Trash is about monster debris.

Investigation 7: Global Conveyor Belt
Chapter 4 of Tracking Trash is about the North Pacific Gyre and the Pacific garbage patch.
Global conveyor belt audio radio show
Oceanic Conveyor Belt background
Turning the Tides video

Hypothetical Landmass resources:
Pangaea Supercontinent
Pangaea: Wikipedia

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill resources
Prince William Sound is a small inland sea in that it is wide enough to have appreciable horizontal cyclonic circulation. It is also a fjord in that it has basin depths to 700 m but is silled at 180 m to the open ocean. The general circulation pattern is defined by a portion of the westward flowing Alaska Coastal Current on the Gulf of Alaska shelf that enters Prince William Sound through Hinchinbrook Entrance and transits the sound from east to west before exiting through Montague Strait and rejoining the coastal current. However, there is much variability in this circulation, especially in the transport through Hinchinbrook Entrance.

Niebauer, H.J., T.C. Royer, and T.J. Weingartner. 1994. Journal of Geophysical Research 99(14):113-114, 126.
Map showing Bligh Reef and the spill location
NOAA Fisheries Office of Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS) Damage Assessment and Restoration
Map of where the oil went
The behavior of the oil
Radio show about currents in Prince William Sound

Hypothetical Spill resources
Oil and Chemical Spills
Beach: Nike Shoes Wash Up
LEGOs and Other Floating Flotsam
Flip Flotsam video
Drifter Buoys

Garbage Patch in the Pacific resources
Trashed: Across the Pacific Ocean, Plastics, Plastics, Everywhere
Why is the world’s biggest landfill in the Pacific Ocean?
Surface Ocean Currents
Wind Driven Surface Currents: Gyres Background
Plastics and Marine Debris video
6 min.
Turning the Tides video
The Garbage Patch video
Gorilla in the Greenhouse: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

Events and Announcements

Get Your Feet Wet

April 1 - May 31

Celebrate and share your local event with other Alaskan teachers and students! We'll send you and your students a certificate of accomplishment and place them on the Alaska Sea Grant honor roll if they complete a clean-up or other type of stewardship project. xx

Register here

Alaska Seas and Watersheds teaching resources and activity ideas for field trips and stewardship projects are available for all grade levels along with new NGSS-aligned lesson plans and units for field trips and the use of drones and submersibles to collect environmental data.

Coming Soon!

A collection of teaching resources for the Northern Gulf of Alaska Long-Term Ecological Research Project area and a link to resources for teaching about ocean acidification.

Professional Development

Alaska Sea Grant provides professional development in a variety of formats. Onsite in-service presentations and workshops are provided free-of-charge as an opportunity for Alaska K-8 teachers and informal educators to learn about our award-winning, Alaska-relevant curriculum materials and other educational resources.  Graduate-level courses can also be provided for the cost of Continuing Education Credits through the University of Alaska.

More information

Professional development
Tidepooling

Grants to Alaska Schools

Since its beginnings during the 2014–2015 school year, the Alaska Sea Grant school grant program has provided more than $100,000 to 10 Alaska school districts to increase local marine and aquatic education in 22 communities. The three-year, $10,000 grants have supported science curriculum revisions, development of NGSS-aligned lesson plans and units, field trip transportation, and the purchase of equipment and supplies.

If you are an Alaska teacher or administrator, contact us to get on the email list for the next announcement for a Request for Proposals.

anchoragewetlandsStudents explore and collect data in Westchester Lagoon, the outlet to Chester Creek. Alaska Sea Grant funds support a watershed education field trip program for more than 250 Anchorage School District students.
 
Alaska Sea Grant University of Alaska Fairbanks Alaska Department of Education and Early Development NOAA

Photographs courtesy of Reid Brewer, Verena Gill, Heloise Chenelot, Stephen Trumble, and David Menke.

The contents of this website were developed with the assistance of Title II, Part B, Mathematics and Science Partnership Program federal funds from the Alaska Department of Education & Early Development. However, these contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education & Early Development, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government.

The University of Alaska Fairbanks is an AA/EO employer and educational institution and prohibits illegal discrimination against any individual: Learn more about UA's notice of nondiscrimination.

Help Using This Site
 

© 2007–2024 Alaska Sea Grant

The University of Alaska Fairbanks is an AA/EO employer and educational institution and prohibits illegal discrimination against any individual: Learn more about UA's notice of nondiscrimination.